{"id":29092,"date":"2015-03-27T17:51:38","date_gmt":"2015-03-27T17:51:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.www.oodrive.fr\/blog\/?p=265"},"modified":"2023-08-03T16:18:00","modified_gmt":"2023-08-03T16:18:00","slug":"securiser-les-communications-sur-internet-tls-et-la-confidentialite-persistante","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oodrive.com\/fr\/blog\/securite\/cybersecurite\/securiser-les-communications-sur-internet-tls-et-la-confidentialite-persistante\/","title":{"rendered":"HTTPS, SSL, TLS : S\u00e9curiser les \u00e9changes sur Internet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Depuis les d\u00e9buts d\u2019Internet, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des communications a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 un enjeu majeur pour les utilisateurs comme pour les fournisseurs de services. Le chiffrement et l\u2019authentification des \u00e9changes, destin\u00e9s \u00e0 emp\u00eacher une personne malveillante d\u2019intercepter les communications, sont assur\u00e9s par le protocole SSL\/TLS qui fournit le \u201cS\u201d (pour Secure) de HTTPS.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

TLS & HTTPS, les piliers de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sur Internet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

TLS (le successeur de SSL) offre deux fonctionnalit\u00e9s majeures : l\u2019authentification des acteurs et le chiffrement de la communication. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019authentification se fait par le biais de certificats num\u00e9riques attribu\u00e9s aux serveurs<\/strong> et, dans ces certains cas, aux clients. Lors de l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de la connexion, ces certificats sont \u00e9chang\u00e9s et v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s par TLS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une fois les participants authentifi\u00e9s, TLS g\u00e9n\u00e8re et \u00e9change une cl\u00e9 de chiffrement. Cette cl\u00e9 sera utilis\u00e9e par la suite pour chiffrer toutes les donn\u00e9es \u00e9chang\u00e9es durant la session. Une fois chiffr\u00e9es, ces donn\u00e9es sont alors inutilisables pour un attaquant qui ne dispose pas de la cl\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On assiste depuis quelques ann\u00e9es \u00e0 une prise de conscience des risques li\u00e9s aux communications non s\u00e9curis\u00e9es sur Internet et de plus en plus de services proposent une connexion HTTPS, si ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 le cas, voire migrent vers du \u201cHTTPS only\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u2019est \u00e9galement le cas d\u2019Oodrive, qui propose depuis longtemps une connexion s\u00e9curis\u00e9e \u00e0 ses services. Quant \u00e0 RKube, l\u2019offre grand publique, elle n’est disponible qu\u2019en HTTPS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 toujours plus fortes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Toutefois, suite aux r\u00e9v\u00e9lations sur la NSA et la d\u00e9couverte de certaines failles dans TLS (comme Heartbleed), il est devenu n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019aller plus loin dans le niveau de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 propos\u00e9 aux utilisateurs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u2019est pourquoi les versions r\u00e9centes de TLS proposent une fonctionnalit\u00e9 importante appel\u00e9e Forward Secrecy ou Confidentialit\u00e9 Persistante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme d\u00e9crit pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment, TLS utilise une cl\u00e9 de chiffrement partag\u00e9e entre le client et le serveur pour chiffrer la communication. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette cl\u00e9 ne doit pas \u00eatre intercept\u00e9e par un attaquant, aussi est-elle g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e simultan\u00e9ment par le client et le serveur en partant d\u2019une \u201cpr\u00e9-cl\u00e9\u201d g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par le client et chiffr\u00e9e via la cl\u00e9 publique du serveur. Le serveur la d\u00e9chiffre ensuite en utilisant sa cl\u00e9 priv\u00e9e*, qu\u2019il est le seul \u00e0 poss\u00e9der et sur laquelle repose toute la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9change .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Ce type de chiffrement est appel\u00e9 chiffrement asym\u00e9trique : tout le monde peut chiffrer via une cl\u00e9 publique<\/a> mais seule la cl\u00e9 priv\u00e9e, qui est secr\u00e8te, peut d\u00e9chiffrer<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La cl\u00e9 priv\u00e9e du serveur est donc une donn\u00e9e critique. Si quelqu\u2019un arrive \u00e0 s\u2019en emparer, il sera en mesure de d\u00e9chiffrer la pr\u00e9-cl\u00e9 et donc de reconstituer la cl\u00e9 de chiffrement finale de la session, lui permettant ensuite de d\u00e9chiffrer l\u2019ensemble de la communication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le risque ne s\u2019arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 puisqu\u2019une personne ayant enregistr\u00e9 les pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes communications entre les utilisateurs et le serveur sera alors en mesure de toutes les d\u00e9chiffrer une fois en possession de la cl\u00e9 priv\u00e9e, et ce sans limite de dur\u00e9e dans le temps. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u2019est l\u00e0 qu\u2019intervient le concept de Confidentialit\u00e9 Persistante qui assure non seulement que vos communications sont confidentielles aujourd\u2019hui, mais qu\u2019elles le seront aussi dans le futur m\u00eame si le serveur est victime d\u2019un piratage et que sa cl\u00e9 priv\u00e9e est vol\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Confidentialit\u00e9 Persistante via un \u00e9change de cl\u00e9s plus s\u00fbr<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Afin d\u2019assurer cette persistance de la confidentialit\u00e9, TLS propose un syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9change de cl\u00e9s alternatif appel\u00e9 Diffie-Hellman. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ici, la cl\u00e9 finale est toujours g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e simultan\u00e9ment sur le serveur et sur le client mais sans avoir besoin d\u2019\u00e9changer une pr\u00e9-cl\u00e9 secr\u00e8te et donc sans avoir \u00e0 se reposer sur la cl\u00e9 priv\u00e9e du serveur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tous les param\u00e8tres utilis\u00e9s pour la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration sont uniques pour cette communication. Cela signifie que m\u00eame si un attaquant rentre en possession de la cl\u00e9 de chiffrement finale ou des valeurs secr\u00e8tes, cela ne lui sera utile que pour d\u00e9chiffrer une seule session, \u00e0 l\u2019inverse du syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9change pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent avec lequel la possession de la cl\u00e9 priv\u00e9e permet de d\u00e9chiffrer toutes les sessions futures et\/ou pass\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Confidentialit\u00e9 Persistante offre donc un niveau de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 <\/a>suppl\u00e9mentaire et constitue le seul moyen de garantir aux utilisateurs la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de leurs communications dans le temps. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, la plupart des navigateurs web supportent TLS avec la Confidentialit\u00e9 Persistante. C\u2019est aux services web de configurer leurs serveurs afin qu\u2019ils proposent eux aussi cette fonctionnalit\u00e9 or seulement 60% le font. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oodrive, pour qui la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 est au coeur de son m\u00e9tier, propose \u00e9videment la Confidentialit\u00e9 Persistante sur la majeure partie de ses services et s\u2019emploie \u00e0 la d\u00e9ployer sur les autres.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Depuis les d\u00e9buts d\u2019Internet, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des communications a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 un enjeu majeur pour les utilisateurs comme pour les fournisseurs de services. Le chiffrement et l\u2019authentification des \u00e9changes, destin\u00e9s \u00e0 emp\u00eacher une personne malveillante d\u2019intercepter les communications, sont assur\u00e9s par le protocole SSL\/TLS qui fournit le \u201cS\u201d (pour Secure) de HTTPS. TLS & HTTPS, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1350,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1227],"class_list":["post-29092","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cybersecurite"],"yoast_head":"\nHTTPS, SSL, TLS : S\u00e9curiser les \u00e9changes sur Internet | Oodrive<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Comment HTTPS s\u00e9curise-t-il vos donn\u00e9es ? 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